Acute
consumption of KRG resulted in significant improvement in pulse
wave reflection, as measured by AI, compared to a control in
healthy individuals.
Decrease in AI occurred without affecting brachial BP.
Wave reflection is an independent predictor of CVD.
Decrease in AI was observed after ginsenoside consumption,
but not after consumption of polysaccharide fraction.
KRG showed similar effects on BP as some antihypertensive
treatments.
These findings are of interest because there is a strong
association between indices of wave reflection and CVD risk.
Acute consumption of Rg3-KRG extract resulted in
significant reduction in aortic AI in healthy individuals.
At the end of posttreatment period, additional hemodynamic
measures
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The
observations demonstrate that Rg3-KRG is a vasoactive agent, which
lowers brachial BP and may have an additional favourable impact on
aortic AI.
An Rg3-KRG supplement may be used as a CVD risk management
strategy.
Consumption of AG capsules significantly improved arterial
stiffness compared to a control in individuals with type 2 diabetes
and associated
hypertensionfollowing 3 month supplementation.
Treatment with AG resulted in an improvement of vascular
endothelial function and decreased arterial stiffness, most likely
through the NO pathway.
These findings are of interest because arterial stiffness
and endothelial dysfunction have been clinically linked to a
decreased NO generation and increased NO inactivation, leading to
increased CVD risk.
A decrease in peripheral systolic BP and AI was also
observed. This finding suggests that an earlier return of the wave
reflection from the periphery, a distinctive feature of stiffer
arteries in hypertension, is associated with an increase in
systolic BP. Therefore, the observed changes in AI may have
occurred dependent of their effects on systolic
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Improvement in
FMD was not seen with the polysaccharide fraction.
The observations demonstrate that isolated ginsenosides
play an important role in vasodilation.
This is the first study to provide clinical evidence that
the ginsenoside fraction of KRG may mediate the stimulation in the
vascular endothelium.
The study had three groups in total: control, non-treated
hypertensive, and ginseng-treated hypertensive.
Acetylcholine (Ach), bradykinin (BK) and sodium
nitroprusside (SNP) were the vasodilating agents used to measure
forearm
bloodflow.
The vasodilatory response to Ach was an impaired
endothelium. The vasodilatory response to ginseng was a not so
impaired endothelium, and was even comparable to the normal control
group. This suggests that endothelial dysfunction due to
hypertension can be improved by administering KRG. This will lead
to the production of NO and restore the vascular responsiveness of
NO to a normal level.
The results demonstrated that long-term administration of
KRG could restore endothelial dysfunction associated with
hypertension. This suggests that KRG can be used to prevent the
development of
atherosclerosisdue to
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